Corporate Environmental Responsibility: the Performance of Cadbury

Nowadays, more people tend to focus on environment issues of corporation because they are the main factors of causing pollution to the earth and impact to the ecological system. Cadbury is the world fourth biggest manufactory of chocolate, it had done a seriously rainforest destruction as a result of their business requiring large amount of raw materials that are collect from natural resources (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). This essay examine the performance of Cadbury and how they dealing the problems with raw materials as well as the effect on the environment and stakeholders. Cadbury used to be a small beverage shop in 1824, after merging with Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes, it acquire more companies after that and today it became one of the largest confectionery company ( history of Cadbury n. d. ) and also one of the largest multi-national corporation (business service industry 2008). The starting main purpose of Cadbury is not creating new brand that people love but is to raise the shareholder value and they already succeed in achieving this purpose twenty years ago (Cadbury Schweppes 2004). After that they have just started to change their business target to create new brand that people love. Cadbury detected that there is a rare bacteria named â€Å"Salmonella† affecting numbers of their product and it is believe due to the leaking pipe, but they are not paying attention to this serious matter. Eventually, Cadbury was prosecuted because of countering health and safety legislation in the year 2007 and was fined 1 million pounds for their irresponsible performance which is also definitely effect the profit of stakeholders(Defying a Reputational Crisis – Cadbury’s Salmonella Scare: Why are Customers willing to Forgive and Forget? 009). Today, Cadbury franchise such as India, USA, Canada have treated CSR as the key to the success of business comparing to the past; they believe that the responsible for environment, health and safety are very important to minimize the impact of environment, It is also important that they can become a profitable and effective company by this way and they will surely proud of what they have done (CSR helps businesses keep ta bs on environmental, social impact 2010). In order to fulfil society needs, Cadbury continuously launched 23 kinds of chocolate and keep improving their quality to the best from the year 1865 until today. Besides, Cadbury is the first company to provide pictures on the product instead of printing text on the product. There are also many special event held by Cadbury such as giving away some souvenirs products and also a redeem event for their customer to get further item by purchasing their products. (History of Cadbury n. d. They also certified their chocolates as Fair-trade products by labelling it on the products to decrease the public pressure (Cadbury goes Fairtrade2009). Impact on Environment Since manufacturing chocolate require large amount of raw materials, Cadbury discover palm oil is the most basic and cheapest secret ingredient to make chocolate instead of using cocoa butter which require higher cost. Unfortunately, this lead to the serious deforestation problem that not only effected the environment but also man y animals is killed. New Zealand's Auckland Zoo is the place where the primary deforestation took place and this was considered as a threat to most of the wild life that inhabited in that area especially Orangutan, they have became â€Å"the orphans of the palm oil† because most of their parents are killed during the deforestation(Palm oil costs Cadbury trusted title 2010). Auckland Zoo has also stop stocking Cadbury’s chocolate anymore to express their protest. (Auckland Zoo bans Cadbury chocolate due to palm oil content 2009). Auckland Zoo also organise an organisation in Facebook which is â€Å"Anti Palm Oil Community (APOC) â€Å"to focus the serious of the deforestation issue which destroy 300 rugby fields every hour(APOC). Besides, in order to meet the production target, the company always hired a lot of worker but those workers that are working in the palm oil are often poorly treated. Cadbury has an† Ethical Trading Policy† but they have totally neglect the importance of environment and the human rights issue (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). Cadbury also claim that the palm oil they used is â€Å"green and sustainable† as they have their own certificate system, but they have just pretend to use 2,800 tonnes of palm oil which is recorded in the certificate instead of the actual amount of 40,000 tonnes of palm oil. (Green wash of the week: Cadbury’s ‘green palm oil’ claim 2009)They are ignoring the severity of environment impact they have done, just to emphasize on their profit; the stakeholders also faced a serious losses from this case. One of the serious problem that environment faced is the global warming and it is caused by the widen hole of atmosphere. According to the scientific research, every single litre of milk produce approximately 900g of Carbon dioxide. Carbon trust is having a carbon footprinting project and discovered that more than 60% of the Carbon dioxide is produced by the Cadbury’s dairy cows farm(We've had drumming gorillas, now Cadbury takes on burping cows 2009). Cadbury’s dairy cows farm play the most important role in this incident as the cows produced 80~120kg of methane per year which is similar as a family car and was release to the atmosphere that eventually widen the hole of atmosphere. This methane emission is actually produced with the burps of the cows due to the incorrect diet. (Cadbury to curb methane emissions from burping dairy cows 2009)They did not pay attention for their animals as raising animals required a lot of effort by adjusting the stay and diet of the animals. Cadbury’s intension overcome environment issues Cadbury’s plan to replace cocoa butter with palm oil has caused a serious damage to environment and also a lot of complain by consumers as palm oil is a complex and unhealthy ingredient. In order to fulfils their Environment, Health and safety policy they have no choice but to cut down adding palm oil into chocolate. The deforestation that took place at Auckland Zoo has also caused the company’s reputation to drop. (Cadbury dumps palm oil after consumer protests 2009)With the cut down usage of palm oil, they believe it could at least, save their reputation from dropping too much. Dealing with the climate change is also one of their target improvements in environment. Cadbury has announced that they have 17% reduction of water consumption by improving their manufacturing progress in the year 2006 which is also act in concert with the World Water day (Cadbury Reduces Water Consumption by 17 Percent 2009). Cadbury eventually launch a strategy plan â€Å"Purple goes green† in the year 2008 and set their target to reduce unnecessary consumption while producing chocolates especially to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by 50% in the year 2020. They have successfully in achieving part of their target within a year with reducing the usage of packaging and the emission of carbon dioxide; they have also successfully saved 4 millions litre of water per year (Cadbury-Purple goes green 2008). For the next two years, they have a further target which is to ensure the packaging they used is 60% biodegradable. Besides, Carbon dioxide that produced with the burps of the cows is also a serious problem that destroys the environment. Cadbury has already worked together with the dairy farmer to figure out a better way to reduce carbon footprint from the milk chocolate (Cadbury’s works to reduce bovine emission 2009). They provide dairy farmers a guild to lower the emission through scientific research by changing the diet of cows to a balance nutritional. It is believe it will definitely reduce the emission problem by 50% in the year 2020 which is also part of their â€Å"Purple goes Green strategy†. (Cadbury Partners with Dairy Farmers to Reduce Carbon Footprint 2009). Packaging is also one of the factors causing impact to environment. Cadbury has worked hard to figure out a better way of packaging their products to minimize the impact to environment. Their target is to achieve 100% biodegradable by 2010 and they have co-operated with plantic technologies limited since 2002. (Responsible packaging 2007)Plantic do a lot of research at the research centre to invent a better biodegradable and non-toxic materials to advance the packaging technologies. Cadbury has replaced the roses tin with cardboard box and successfully made a brand new packaging production for Christmas and seasonal gifts (chocolate swallows millions of our dollars in an easter eating frenzy 2010) which not only reduce the weight by 45% but also saved 200 tonnes of steel. (Cadbury replaces Roses tin with cardboard box 2009)In the year 2008, Cadbury has awarded the best green packaging for its new product- Eco-eggs, with the special wrapping style as the products only used very limited materials to complete. Cadbury has successfully decreased the usage of plastic material by 247 tonnes and cardboard by 115 tonnes in the year 2008 for packaging their products. (Cadburys-‘Eco-eggs' 2008)In this case, Cadbury has successfully proved their effort of saving the environment by achieving their â€Å"Purple Goes Green† target and this is also helping the stakeholders to gain more profit. Cadbury also carry out an environmental research with Earthwatch in the year 2005 in order to have a better understanding as well as improving the quality of cocoa in Ghana. Their research focus on the quality of cocoa and try to invent a better way for farming cocoa bean in Ghana with increasing number of farmers in order to get the best production(Cadbury n. d. ). Cadbury not only provided financial support but also get itself involved in this research to show their intension upon improving environment issue. Concluding remarks Cadbury’s social improvement is obviously, although they did wrong sometime because they have placed profit as the most important role in business . From New Zealand's Auckland Zoo case, it has reflected Cadbury only concentrate on their profit but neglect the most importance issues which is how society will treat them and this has caused Cadbury’s reputation to drop. Besides, even they have discovered that a rare bacteria is affecting their products, they did not pay attention to the serious matter which is possible to become a threat to health. As a result, they neglect the importance of environmental issues and caused serious damage to environment such as deforestation and also confronting the social protest. However, Cadbury’s intension on improving the environment aspect of their business is strong and with wised planning, they have been doing this for almost a century. With the â€Å"Purple goes green strategy† and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission, water usage and packaging materials usage, they have shown their dedication on improving environment issues, trusting that achieving the environment, health and safety policy are the keys to the succeeds of business, not only just becoming a profit-oriented company but also become a environmentalist company. References http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0712-auckland_zoo_palm_oil.html http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0817-cadbury_nz.html http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/cadburys_shareholders_find_20052004.html http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/03/31/cadbury-reduces-water-consumption-by-17-percent/ http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/13811-Cadbury-Partners-with-Dairy-Farmers-to-Reduce-Carbon-Footprint

Case 1-3 the Coca Cola Co

Case 1-3 Coca Cola Co Coca-Cola is an iconic symbol of Americana that has deep roots in our society and a presence throughout the globe. The brand has permeated into clothing, household items, electronics and more, with brand recognition and customer loyalty rivaled by none. Throughout its history until the late 1990s the Coca Cola Company, based in Atlanta, Georgia, has put all its eggs into the carbonated beverage basket. With scientific advances and an increasingly health conscious public, Coca Cola has been forced to modify their product line to include â€Å"healthier† products and recipes.Ingredients in Coke products such as High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS/corn sugar) and aspartame are now being sold as a healthy alternative to sugar, when they are as unhealthy as sugar if not worse. Although promoted as healthier, independent health and nutrition experts, through peer reviewed research, have scientifically proven otherwise. The Coca Cola Company will need to continue to sacrifice short-term high profit margins for long term growth by re-examining their ingredients as well as further diversifying their product line to adapt to a more sophisticated and informed health conscious consumer.The Coca Cola Company was incorporated in 1892 by Asa Candler after purchasing the brand and formula from inventor, John Stith Pemberton, in 1889 (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). Throughout its history the company has focused primarily on carbonated beverages with its flagship product, Coca Cola, developed to become one of the world’s most powerful brands (Abramovitch, 2011). In addition to Coke, the majority of revenues are generated from Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Although they consider themselves the â€Å"kings of carbonation† (Cravens, 2009, p. 4, para. 3), in 1960 they began to diversify by purchasing Minute Maid and Belmont Spring Water Co. in addition to merging with Duncan Foods (â€Å"The Coca Cola Company†, 2005). Cokeâ₠¬â„¢s primary business model is to manufacture syrup and sell it at high profit margins to a large network of independent bottlers who in turn sell it to retail outlets. Although this model has helped them to show higher profit margins, it also worked to disguise financial troubles from debt and independent bottler relations (Cravens, 2009).Based on deceitful earnings facilitated by shady, yet legal, financial finagling, plus extraordinary income from buying and selling bottlers, Coke was able to exploit the exaggerated success of the business as exhibited both internally by a dysfunctional culture cultivated by a lingering false sense of success stemming from their glory years, and externally as a 3,500% increase of stock (Cravens, 2009) which in-turn stayed in decline between 1998 through 2007 (Coca Cola Historical Stock Prices, 2012).The profit margins attained during the glory years were predictably unsustainable; however the decline was not based only upon questionable business activities, but also changing consumer attitudes. Although consumer awareness between the diet-disease relationships really began to take hold in the 1980s with efforts by the American Heart Association (Teisl, 1999), due to the advent of the internet, by the mid-to-late 1990s consumers began to awaken to the health issues related to consumption of excessive sugar in the form of HFCS, and the dangers of aspartame (Fox, 2012).This has resulted in consumers moving away from â€Å"sugary, fizzy drinks in favor of drinks with a healthier image like water, teas and other noncarbonated beverages† (Soft Drink, 2010, para. 7) and carbonated beverage sales declining for the past six years (Fuhrman, 2011). Although the carbonated beverage industry is in decline the industry would rather divert your attention by telling you â€Å"the big news is not that the soft drinks category's sales are down†¦but that Diet Coke surpassed Pepsi for the No. 2 brand in the category† (Fuhrm an, 2011 para. 3).Digging further, the only reason Diet Coke took the number two spot is because its sales declined less the Pepsi’s did, and to add to that, this loss occurred in an overall loss of soda market share globally (Esterl, 2011). Both Coke and Diet Coke have shown decline sales. Why? The public is waking up to the dangers of HFCS and Aspartame, two key ingredients in regular and diet soft drinks. High Fructose Corn Syrup was invented in 1957 and was developed for mass production in Japan between 1965 to 1970 (â€Å"High Fructose Corn Syrup†: Production, n. d. ).HFCS is manufactured by extracting corn starch, processing further to produce corn syrup, then adding enzymes to convert glucose to fructose resulting in a mixture anywhere from 42% to 55% fructose (â€Å"High Fructose Corn Syrup†, n. d. ). The danger of corn syrup is due to increased quantity consumed versus ingestion through natural means by eating fruit or other foods containing fructose (M ercola, 2010). â€Å"Fructose is a major contributor to a) insulin resistance [diabetes]; b) elevated blood pressure; c) elevated triglycerides and elevated LDL [bad cholesterol]; d) epletion of vitamins and minerals; and e) cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cancer, arthritis and gout† (Mercola, 2010, para. 3). In addition to previously mentioned health issues a study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition further makes the connection of fructose to weight gain, and insulin resistance syndrome (Elliot, 2002). The body process different types of sugar in different ways. Glucose, a much healthier form of energy, is processed mostly on a cellular level throughout the body, whereas fructose is processed completely in the liver and converts almost immediately into fat (Mercola, 2010).Although the corn syrup industry claims that at most, HFCS contains 55% fructose, independent researchers upon testing actual cans of soft drinks found they contained â€Å"as m uch as 65% fructose (and only 35% glucose)† (Kaplan, 2010, para. 6). According to the American Diabetes Association, Americans do spend $116 billion on direct medical costs related to diabetes, and with diabetes increasing by 176% between 1980 through 2010 (Crude and†¦, 2011), with fructose playing a major factor in the onset of diabetes someone is bound to take notice.Although HFCS has proven to be dangerous to consume, aspartame is worse (Mercola, 2011). Aspartame was created in 1965 by James Schlatter of the G. D. Searle Company, and took over 15 years to gain a very shady approval by the FDA (Mercola, 2011). Many researchers and top doctors have weighed in on the issue saying â€Å"aspartame causes headache, memory loss, seizures, vision loss, coma and cancer †¦ worsens or mimics the symptoms of such diseases and conditions as fibromyalgia, MS, lupus, ADD, diabetes, Alzheimer's, chronic fatigue and depression. †(NWV, 2004, para. 4).Board Certified Neurosur geon, Russell Blaylock, MD wrote a book documenting the connection of aspartame to macular degeneration, diabetic blindness and glaucoma (NWV, 2004). Due to the brand’s value and customer loyalty the company has been able to rely on its core carbonated products, however as their dedicated customer base ages and dwindles they will find it harder to attract new younger consumers who are more aware of the health concerns of HFCS and aspartame. For coke and the soft drink industry to rebound they will have to diversify and get away from HFCS and aspartame.First they have to get past Coke’s â€Å"Notorious Board† (Cravens, 2009, p. 46). References Abramovitch, S. (May 9, 2011). Apple Overtakes Google as World’s Most Powerful Brand. Gawker (Online). Retrieved from http://gawker. com/5799830/apple-overtakes-google-as-worlds-most-powerful-brand Coca-Cola Company. (2012). Historical Stock Prices. Yahoo Finance (Online). Retieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/h p? s=KO&a=00&b=2&c=1962&d=01&e= 21&f=2012&g=m Cravens, D. W. & Piercy, N. F. (2009). Case 1-3 Coca Cola Co, (A). Strategic Marketing. (9th, ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin â€Å"Crude and Age-Adjusted Percentage of Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Population with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 1980–2010†. Department of Health and Human Services: Center For Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figage. htm Elliott, S. S. , Keim, N. L. , Stern J. S. , Teff, K. and Havel, P. J. (November 2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome [Special Article]. The Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76. 5, 911-922. Retrieved from http://www. ajcn. org/ content/76/5/911. full Esterl, M. (March 16, 2011).Diet Coke Wins Battle in Cola Wars. Wall Street Journal (Online). Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http://search. proquest. com. pegleg. park. edu/docview/857249434/13503185B037A9C16B2/20? accountid =28370 Fox, S. (2012). Using the internet for health information is not the exception. KevinMD. com. Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http://www. kevinmd. com/blog/2010/10/internet-health-information-exception. html Fuhrman, E. (April, 2011). 2011 Soft Drink Report. Beverage Industry. 102. 4, 22, 24, 26, 28 Kaplan, K. (October 26, 2010). High-fructose corn syrup in soda has much more fructose than advertised, study finds.The Los Angeles Times (Online). Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http://articles. latimes. com/2010/oct/26/news/la-heb-too-much-fructose-in-hfcs-soda-20101026 Mercola, J. (January 2, 2010). Sugar May Be Bad, But This Sweetener is Far More Deadly. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http://articles. mercola. com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/highfructose-corn-syrup-alters-human-metabolism. aspx Mercola, J. (November 6, 2011). Aspartame is, by far, the most dangerous substance on the market that is added to foods. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 20 12 from

Role of Computer in Education

Patrick Brown is one of the Caribbean’s most talented writers. He is responsible for creating some of the most poignant and hilarious moments on stage and the small screen. A successful. Civil Engineer, he has managed to transfer the principles of precision and economy into his works for stage and television. accessible to general audiences. Brown has written some fifteen (15) full length stage plays including award-winning productions like â€Å"Cornflakes†(a 1982 production), â€Å"Yard 89†, â€Å"Yard ‘90†, â€Å"Yard ‘99†, â€Å"Stillborn† and â€Å"December†. The latter was Jamaica’s stage presentation at the 1991 Carifesta in  Trinidad.Though not yet published, â€Å"December† is now being studied in West Indian Literature at the University of the West Indies. His plays have been showcased all across the Caribbean, Canada, London as well as several states across North America, including: New York, Conn ecticut, Florida, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Georgia, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. He wrote the definitive episodes of †Oliver at Large† a local television sitcom, which propelled the lead, Oliver Samuels, to stardom within the Caribbean region and among the large Caribbean immigrant population.Having whetted the appetite of the local television viewers with humor extracted from its own experience, Mr. Brown went on to create, write and produce â€Å"Titus in Town†, another popular television sit-com. Mr. Brown’s work â€Å"Stillborn† was the recent recipient of an award in the island’s most respected national literary competition – The NCB Literary Awards. In addition to the several awards for his writing, Mr. Brown has won awards for set designs, theatrical production and musical lyrics.

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Strategic Management Language - Essay Example Under the influence of this principle, individuals in the business community increasingly decided to use some of their corporate power and wealth for the social good. These voluntary community obligations to improve, beautify, and uplift were quite evident by many business leaders. One early example was the cooperative effort between the railroads and the YMCA immediately after the Civil War to provide community services in areas served by the railroads. Although these services economically benefited the railroads, they were at the same time philanthropic (Shalhoud, 1999). In another example, steel magnate Andrew Carnegie put much of his great wealth to work for education. Henry Ford adopted a paternalistic style of management and made recreational and health programs available to Ford employees. The company town was one of the most visible examples of paternalism. Although business's motives for creating company towns (for example, the Pullman/Illinois experiment) were mixed, busine ss had to do a considerable amount of work in governing them (Shalhoud, 1999). Thus, the company accepted a form of paternalistic social responsibility. ... Because corporations control vast resources, because they are powerful, and because this power and wealth come from their operations within society, they have an obligation to serve society's needs. In this way, corporations and their leaders and managers become stewards, or trustees for society which forms an image of trust about the organisation among the society member. Under the influence of this principle, Congress, the popular press, and other factions started to attack many large and powerful organisations whose attitudes they perceived to be both anticompetitive and antisocial. Antitrust laws and other legislation began to place constraints on the actions of organisations. In general, there was a shift in the public perception of a corporation's place within and obligation to society. CSR & Strategic thinking To understand better why some organisations fall ethically, we can explore organisational attitudes toward stakeholders in the form of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the relationship between the CSR and a firm's strategic management can be found from various definitions of CSR. For many organisations, commitment to CSR is shown in references to stakeholders and "triple bottom line" thinking (i.e., financial, environmental, and social responsibility bottom lines). One useful definition of CSR is that it requires "the continuing commitment by business to behaving ethically and contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as well as of the community and society at large" (Anderson, 1989). The economy could only be improved in the long run and so strategic thinking is critical. Criticism of business

Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law and Ethics - Essay Example As per the court ruling, students do not lose their constitutional rights of expression or freedom of speech while entering into the school. The First Amendment Rights of Students are violated when they are suspended from the schools for non-disruptive activities such as wearing armbands. The key point is that substantial or material disruption of school activities must be proved or invasion of the rights of other fellow students must be established before putting a restriction on their activities. This basic ruling became the guiding principle for schools to take any action against the students. Simply speaking, school system cannot proclaim interference with the purpose of the school just to control speech or dress of the students as in all likely hood it would form a violation of the First Amendment principle. The Tinker case is ambiguous in the sense that it is difficult for schools to find out when the dress becomes disruptive. Again, it could be difficult for the school to find who is causing the disruption – the one who is wearing the offensive dress or the one who gets offended. Many schools have the policy of prohibiting the visible display of the Confederate flag because it may cause the disruption in the school activities; however, many cite the judgment of the Tinker case and want them to wear the Confederate flag. School systems need to take their stand based on the situation that whether the Confederate wearing is racially charged to cause disruptions then the school officials have the full right to disallow or ban such wearing. 7. Compare and contrast the criteria required for police officers and public school personnel for searching a student. â€Å"The Bigger the need, the more intrusive the search.† What does this mean? Please incorporate examples when defining â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"intrusive†. What role do parents play in a search of their child or their child’s possessions at school? Answer School officer s can search a student when they have a reasonable cause though the Fourth Amendment does enforce protection to the citizens for unreasonable searches. The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution comes to the rescue of students and protects their privacy rights at school; however, it does not mean that they cannot be searched. Again, it is necessary for a police officer to have a reasonable cause to conduct a student search; however, students do not have the same level of protection from searches while in the school. In the circumstances when school officials suspect the student in possession of a gun, they can conduct an intrusive student search. â€Å"The bigger the need, the more intrusive the search† should be seen in this perspective. When safety of the other students or entire school is at risk, school officials have all right to conduct intrusive student search to recover the weapon from the student. In matters of smoking and similar matters, an intrusive search is not necessary. For any intrusive search, it is required that it is done by some higher level official of the school; however, that will take into account the factors such as gender, age of the student, the item being searched, the urgency of the matter, and availability of the official while conducting a search. Intrusive searches can be done after taking the approval of school superintendent by the same gender person, and in the presence of adult

Strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic management - Case Study Example The Business System Model is responsible for the current level of strategic performance of the company. In order to sustain in the highly competitive retail market, Starbucks has undertaken a comprehensive strategy of integrating its business ethics, values and principles in the area of customer service in order to tap the potentially high market demand. The emotional engagement talks about a third factor introduced by the company called the Starbucks Experience. The customer gets engaged emotionally with the offerings of Starbucks and treats it as the third place to visit after their home and office (Fitzroy and Herbert, 2007, p.48). Starbucks have been able to set up their retails shops in identified locations in the urban areas which can reach the largest number of customers. Apart from this, the current strategies also involve diversification of business to the area of financial services. Findings: external and internal analysis The internal and external analysis of Starbucks has been conducted with the help of analysis of data (given in Appendix) on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company which are internal and external characteristics respectively of the organization. The analysis of the strengths of the company reveals that Starbucks is the largest coffee chain spread all over the world. The company has strong financials and the valuation of the coffee segment is $4billion. Starbucks experience is an influential factor in the business that has driven internal performance of the company to new heights (Hutt and  Speh, 2012, p.29). The Starbucks products are slightly high priced and are aimed at tapping the customers who are willing to pay slightly more for the Starbucks experience. This leads to loss of customer base for Starbucks. The negative publicity of Starbucks is also an area of weakness for the company. Key strategic issues/findings The strategic issues in the business of Starbucks could be found with the help of i nformation of the business and the industry trends (given in the Appendix). The dip in the performance of stock from 2008 to 2009 reveals that inevitable gaps between the business of the company and the industry trends have developed. This has also been reflected in the slowdown of revenues earned from 2008 to 2009 and in the profits earned from 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010. The strategic issues that have been identified in the business of Starbucks are inability to control the rapid expansion of its retail coffee outlets (Jenster, Hayes and  Smith, 2005, p.68). The image of Starbucks have got diluted which was built among the up market consumers over the years. The retail coffee outlets that are competing with each other intensely are also eating up their market shares. This has resulted in the of the Starbucks experience which has led to the decline of Starbucks performance. Evaluation of options The options to reduce the gap between the business performance and the changes dev eloping in the industry could be evaluated with an objective to reduce the gaps in the business per

Computer Communications & Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Essay Example However, in order to examine the processes, methods and techniques, we must first understand the TCP/IP protocol suite itself. Considering Internet Protocol (IP) first is vital because the rest of the TCP/IP suite is constructed on the IP. Likewise, it is also called as a mechanism that is incorporated for data packaging, transferring and routing via TCP/IP internetwork (Kozierok 2005). Moreover, IP is also involved in constructing and packing all data grams in a similar fashion while managing them between devices in an intelligent way. Before getting into more detail, the prime objective for having a network, internetwork and TCP/IP suits is to empower and enable networking application. For online accessibility, these applications are now operational via web browsers. For instance, anyone wants to upload pictures, multimedia contents to share with family, similarly, chatting with friends and colleagues from Internet Relay Chat (IRC) applications. In general, a common interface is no w reachable for making communication purposeful. Accordingly, student portals are now developed and considered as an efficient educational interactive interface for universities and colleges. Likewise, apart from some examples given previously, student portals are advanced application bundled with many features and applications supports education and learning activities. In the next section, we will explore networking concepts for a student portal named as ‘X-stream server’ accessed by a student from a remote location. The X-Stream Server The first section i.e. the internal semantics will focus on connectivity of a computer internally as critical components of the computer network must be examines by a holistic approach as every component contributes to the heterogeneous system (Olifer, 2005). If anyone wants to access the X-stream server from the home computer, it must be connected to the Internet. The simplest of troubleshooting steps incorporates the ‘ping†™ command. The syntax of the command will be ‘ping (space) (destination address)’, executes via command prompt. Likewise, ‘tracert’ command can also be used to give an illustration of delays from source to the router along with end to end connectivity to and from the destination (Ross 2009). However, many devices and protocols are integrated for maintaining and identifying the computer and sustaining connectivity. The first point of interest in addressing internal semantics is Ethernet. It is considered to be the most popular Local Area Network technology that is implemented globally (Ethernet. 2007). The Ethernet connects with a shared transmission medium called as twisted pair or a cable with a multi-port hub, switch or a bridge. Most commonly, an Ethernet switch or a DSL router + Switch is most common. A typical Ethernet frame comprises of six parameters i.e. Preamble, destination address, Source address, type, data and CRC (cyclic redundancy checking) . The preamble is responsible for synchronizing clock rates for the recipient and the sender. Address is usually six bytes in size and is responsible for identifying frames as per the sender and receiver address, it transmits the data in network layer protocol. However, if the match is not made, it discards the frame. Likewise, the type indicates the protocol type. Normally it

Hitler Was a Weak Dictator Essay Example for Free

Hitler Was a Weak Dictator Essay How far do you agree with the view that in the years 1933-39, Hitler was a weak dictator? Hitler has been categorised as a weak and a strong dictator by structuralist and intentionalist historians respectively, intentionalist for the importance of Hitler, and structuralist for the importance of those around him. Timothy Mason, a British Marxist historian, is an example of a structuralist historian, believing that Hitler was heavily reliant on those around and supporting him. There is also Ian Kershaw, who believed in the ‘Working towards the Fuhrer’ ideology, where Hitler exploited the attitudes of the German people in an attempt to have them work towards him. Timothy Mason, a British Marxist historian was certainly believed that Hitler was a weak dictator, in agreement to the question. Hitler was meant to be an all-powerful Fuhrer, being the only person who really knows what Germany and Germans want and need, yet he as Mason describes, â€Å"†¦had a preference for creating new organs of state to carry out specific projects.† If Hitler had been an all-powerful Fuhrer, he would not have required new organs to help him carry out tasks, he would have just been able to dictate and organise everything himself. This was shown in the massacre of the Night of the Long Knives This shows that Hitler in fact was a weak dictator, who did not have control over everything that happened in Nazi Germany, and he needed the support of the Nazi backroom to help him run the country. Mason also described, in about how Hitler would give jobs to other people to carry out. He realised that he wasn’t cut out to be leading certain jobs, and therefore he chose, ‘the right man for the job’. This is no more apparent than in the appointment of Goebbels as Propaganda Minister. Hitler wanted someone better than himself to arrange the propaganda appearances and meetings for himself, and Goebbels was clearly the best man for the job, as shown by his arrangement of the Night of the Long Knives in 1933, a highly successful propaganda campaign. Hitler was not capable of doing such things himself, proving that he is a weak dictator, by leaving jobs to others. Hitler was a dictator entirely dependent on his reputation, and therefore was indecisive when it came to making decisions, as Feuchtwanger describes, ‘Hitler often refused to take decisions, especially when a decision might damage his popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It was well known that Hitler’s popularity paved the way for his success, as was shown in results in General elections. However, a strong dictator would not have to worry about the decisions they made, because whilst popularity would have been a cause for concern, their position would have been so secure that worrying would not be an issue, however, in this case where Hitler is clearly agitated and worried over the support he is receiving, it shows that his position as dictator is not as strong as it could be. Kershaw writes about the central role of Hitler to the running of Germany and the Nazi system. He was the, ‘†¦focal point of the Nazi system of rule.’ Every dictator needs to be the focal point of whatever Government they are the head of, and therefore Hitler’s proving of being the front focus of Nazi rule, shows how strong a dictator he was. He was the focal point and face of every Nazi policy, such as the Decree for the protection of People and State. Hitler used communists as an excuse for bringing in new laws and he was central to the policy making and was the face of the new policy. Werner Wilkins was a State Secretary in Germany during the Nazi regime, and he felt that Hitler was neither a weak or strong dictator, but that Germany was in fact Working towards the Fuhrer. This would mean that Hitler was not necessarily important in the running of everyday politics, such as a normal dictator, but he would however let people interpret his policies how they wish. This would not lead to a weak or strong dictator theory, but a society where everyone was working towards the Fuhrer’s will. Werner says how, â€Å"†¦everyone worth a post in the new Germany has worked best when he has, so to speak, working towards the Fuhrer.† This means that everyone in the country no matter what Hitler did was working towards his will, as it is believed he is the only one who knew what Germans truly wanted. In conclusion, Hitler was seen to be a weak dictator, as he was very afraid from the real threat created by losing his popularity, which would have turned the people against him, and whilst he had still not consolidated power fully, particularly at the start of the period, he was always under the threat of being thrown out of power again. Because of this, he had to curb some of his will and policies, and any threat to his popularity was handed over to someone else, whose loss in popularity would not have affected Hitler’s personal rule.

Comparison Of Learning Theories

Comparison Of Learning Theories There are three main categories of learning theories, behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Behaviourism is concerned with observable behaviour; it classified learning as acquiring new behaviour based on environment. Cognitivism basically is concern with person thinking process. On the hand congnitivism philosophy of learning based it premise that as person reflect on past experiences they construct their own meaning of experiences and knowledge. These three theories will be discussed with some focus on their likeness and differences. Since, they all have implication to teaching and learning. Such as, keeping students thinking process in mind; looking at students responses and the consequences of those responses. Introduction There is not single set of learning theory that if devotedly followed guarantee educators perfect results in the classroom. However, the study of learning has generated much discussion for many years. It has been at the core of educational psychology. Although the importance of learning as a topic of study is agreed by psychologists; they often disagreed on the mechanics of how learning process occurred. (Wittrock, 1977) cited by (Good and Brophy 1995) defined learning as the process of acquiring relative permanent change in understanding, attitude, knowledge, information, ability and skill through experience. This paper seeks to explain congnitivism, behavioural and constructivist theorists of learning, examining the similarities and differences between the theories, gives examples of how theses theories could used in the classroom. Cognitive theories focusing on how people process information and learn. They discuss concept such as memory, problem solving and decision making. David Ausubels (1963) cognitive theory distinguishes reception learning from rote and discovery learning. It is concern with how students or persons learn large amount of meaningful material thought a verbal expository teaching method (Woolfolk1990 P. 292). He suggested that learning is based on presenting information in a hierarchical sequential, organized, manner to learners. This aid and encourage meaningful learning, connection and retention of new information. Since, information presented is usually related to previous learned subsumer. A subsumer is a concept or idea that includes others concept (Woolfolk, 1990). Simple put, for learning to become meaningful there must be a possible fit or incorporation between learners existing cognitive structure and the information to be learned. To do this Ausubel postulates that educator should always start with advance organizer. Advance organizers are simple statement used to introduce higher- level concepts to be learn. They provide a structure for new information in a general manner and covers the concepts to be learnt (Slavin, 2003). To illustrate, as a teacher I at times uses the KWL chart to teach certain topics, such as the continents. First I gave the students a KWL chart; I encourage them to record what they already knows about the continents, then want they wants to know about continents and finally what new information they learned. Therefore with knowledge of advance organizers in mind educators should be cognisant of students prior knowledge and pre-requisite capabilities should be determined before giving any instruction. When teaching new concepts teachers should incorporate and commence with advance organizers. Instructions or concepts should be integrated which will encourage integrative review, links and transfer of information. Moreover, to facilitate transfer of knowledge teachers should present information in a progressive way starting with lower- level skills before moving up to higher-level skills. Additionally, a much as possible learning material taught in one subject area should facilitate learning in another subject area. For example, students can be encouraged to make links between some English words and Spanish words or Latin words. Also, in the classroom, instructions should include both discovery and receptive teaching. To facilitate this, after given instructions teachers should follow up with questions and assessments which will provide opportunities for students to encode material in their own way and apply the concept learn. Furthermore, provide instructions in simple steps, organizing information in sequential and logical ways which will be easy to follow. This will also aid and facilitate mastery of information at each stage. This hierarchical format of giving instruction was supported by Gagnes theory. Robert Gagne (1979) has proposed a theory of instructions (Woolfolk, 1990). Gagne postulate several types of learning which needs different types of instructions. According to (Good Brophy, 1995) Gagne identified five major types of learning. They are attitudes which are internal state that influence personal choices, for example how student feel after reading a poem. Motor skills involve using your reflexes such as tying your shoes. Information entails facts and knowledge stored in the memory, for example addition and subtraction facts. Using intellectual skills that allow learners to discriminate between concrete, define concepts, and solve problems using rules. Finally, use personal ways to guide learning, acting and develop solutions to problems. Additionally, (Woolfolk, 1990) said Gagne was more interested in the quality, permanence and usefulness of students learning. To achieve this, he postulated that teacher used nine instructional events. First teachers must gain students attention. This can and should be done using a variety of approaches and methods. For example, to get my Kindergartens attention I sometimes incorporate music, drama, nursery rhymes, or poems to introduce my lessons. These are expected to grab students attention and interest since children generally like these activates. After students attention is gain, Gagne proposed that teachers communicate to learners of the objectivities of the lesson. This can be done by reviewing prerequisites, oral questioning or quizzes. Teachers can also provide demonstrations of learning products or outcomes (Slavin, 2003). For example, when teaching students how to use different shapes to build a house I will present then with a model of what they can finally make themselves. When attention is gain educators must stimulate students recall of prior learning. This involves getting students to retrieved information they have learned. Then, present the stimulus that is presenting the material to be learnt, followed by providing learning guidelines. This could be anything from guided discovery activities, explanations or demonstrations, however, information presented should be in a logical and understanding way. After doing this (Woolfolk ,1990) said learning does not stop there. Since, teachers has to insure learner demonstr ate understanding of taught information. Gagne proposed this is done by his next step which involves providing guidance to learners. Gagnes sixth instructional event involves questioning students for understanding, their responses allow teachers to evaluate learners comprehension this also provides reinforcement, feedback and assess performance, which Gagne posited as his seventh and eight instructional level. His theory indicates that after each topic is taught teachers should assess pupils performance, this can be done via formal or informal evaluation. Finally, educators must enhance retention and facilitate transfer of knowledge to other top and subject areas and real life situations. With this information in mind, educators must be mindful that different instructions are required for different learning outcomes. For example in my classroom when I want my class to identify letter a I do not focus on the letters sound but on its formation or differentiating it from others. Furthermore teachers must be purposeful in selecting instruction strategies, understanding the limitations and advantages of the strategies they choice. Additionally, strategies choice should be based on the students, content and situation of it used, for individual differences are to be considered. Likewise, lessons should commence with declaration of what and why students are required to learn the information. Additionally, Pavlovs and Skinners theory were behaviourist. Behaviourism is concern with observable and measurable aspects of human behaviour (Good Brophy, 1995). This means that their theories focused on observable, measurable behaviour. Classic conditioning is a term used to describe learning which has been acquired through experience. According to Legge Harari, 2000). Pavlov used animals mainly dogs in his experiments to demonstrated classical conditioning, he arranged for the study of salivary conditioning. The dogs he used showed a salivation response when they where offered food (unconditional stimulus). The food was offered a number of times with the sound of a buzzer (conditional stimulus). After this, the sound of the buzzer alone could produce the salivation response. This theory has some links to classroom situations. For instance, a bell ringing is used in schools to indicate the end of instruction time, recess time, or use a whistle to get students attention during physical educati on exercises. Like Pavlovs theory B. F. Skinner agreed that some human reflexive behaviour is clearly encouraged by specific stimuli. However, Skinner proposed that reflexive behaviour accounts for only a small proportion of all actions (Slavin, 2003). He proposed the use of pleasant and unpleasant consequences. He work focused on placing subjects in controlled situations and observing their behaviour. Operant conditioning is sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning is a method of learning involving reward and punishment of behaviour (Legge Harari, 2000). Skinners theory has has some important principles, is that, behaviour changes according to its immediate consequences. Pleasant consequences strengthen behaviour, unpleasant consequences weakens it (Slavin 2003). Simple put a person will repeat a behaviour if the consequences of that behaviour is pleasing or pleasant. Slavin also, posit that pleasant consequences are call reinforcer, unpleasant consequences are called punishers. Reinfo rcers are any consequence that strengthens or increase behaviour. Reinforcers can be positive or negative and both are used to strengthen behaviour. Positive reinforces which are favorable events that are presented after the behaviour, such as, praise, grades and stickers. Negative reinforcers are unfaviourable Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavorable events to strengthen a behaviour.( ww.psychology.about .com) Obviously, teacher can apply Skinners and Pavlovs theories. They can decide what behaviours they want students to emulate, and reinforce these behaviours when they occur. For example in my class when I want my students to practice raising their hand to indicate they desired to give an answer, I praise them when they do so and over time I get the desired behaviour I want. However, as teacher we must be careful not to praise or reward work that do not deserve praise. Since, students may not strive to work to their fullest capabilities. Also, after determining of the objectives teachers must analyze the task into prerequisite skills and sub-skills. Additionally, rewards for academic effort should be meaningfully, such as extra recess time, opportunities to work on the computer or extra credit on key projects. Furthermore, students should know what behaviour you desire and when students exhibit the desired behaviour and they are reinforce, you tell them why. Additionally, as educators we must ensure reinforcement is truly reinforced. For example, when presenting class rules, set up both negative and positive consequences for breaking or following the rules. Also, use cues to help establish new behaviours. Sometimes at the beginning of the school year I Call students attention to the notice board, which usually has list of material they should have or will need when official class begins. Moreover, teachers must remember to reinforce appropriate behaviour as soon as possible. For delayed reinforcement are usually less effective than immediately reinforcement. In addition, one must keep in mind anything children like can be use as an effective reinforcer, although all can not be utilize in the classroom. However, as a teacher I sometimes use what whatever practical reinforcement to motivate my students. Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. According to Slavin (2003) it draws many of it philosophy on the work of Piaget and Vygotsky, they emphasis the social nature of learning, and both suggested the use of different abilities grouping to promote conceptual change. Jean Piaget (1896-1980), is one of the most influential child psychologies. He proposed a theory of cognitive development which has many implications on teaching and learning. In Piagets theory he viewed cognitive development on two biological tendencies organization, and adaption( Legge Harari 2004). Organization as Piaget saw it involved organising experiences and observation into cohesive systems. Adaption involves adjusting to the environment. It is a process by which individual create matches between their pervious learnt information and new information that might not exactly fit together. This is where individuals demonstrate patterns of behaviour or thinking described by Piaget as schema (Slavin 2003 P.30). This involves using two techniques assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation involved trying to understand something new by fitting it into what one already knows. For example, the first time many children see the moon they call it a ball. They are assimilating the information into their current view of the world. If the child observation does not fit into their existing schemas they accommodate or change schema. When the individual has strik e a balance between assimilation and accommodation that person has achieved equilibrium because existing schemes and change schemas now fits. Therefore, with the above information in mind teachers or educators should facilitate assimilation process by matching new learning experiences with learners existing thinking patterns. However, the match between new experiences and existing thinking scheme of learners should not be too exact, for no or little accommodation will occur. When planning teachers should create opportunities of experiences that generate novel ideas and divergence views this will require some reconstructing of thinking and belief. Also, when presenting new information to learners it is essential that this is done in a sequential and meaningful way this will facilitate organization of information and encourage learners to organize their thought into main ides, concepts and generalisation; this helps students to consider past learning in a divisive and integrated way which can becomes problem solving tools. According to (Woolfolk 1990) Piaget also postulates a stage theory. He suggested that all children regardless of factors such as race and gender go though different stages of development, and that at each stage they think qualitatively different to the stage before. In the first stage sensorimortor, (birth to 2 years) is the time when infants gain knowledge about the world though manipulating objects and innate reflexes. They learn that an object will continue to exit even if it is out of sight Woolfolk (2003). The preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) children can now use imagery based on his or her memory of previous behaviour in the same situation (Good Brophy, 2008). Preschoolers language develops at an incredible rate. However their thinking remains egocentric and central. Therefore, teachers should use visual aids whenever possible. When given instructions to preschoolers, educators can allow them to act it out as well as give them oral information and do not expect students in the preoperational stage constantly see the world from others perceptive. Moreover opportunities must be provided for group word, this facilitates co-operation, and reduce subjectivity. The next stage is the concrete operational (age 7 to 12) Children at this age are in schools they are able to solve concrete (hands on) problems (Slavin 2003). They heavily depend on concrete experiences to facilitate his or her thinking. Therefore, teacher must provide opportunities for learner in this stage to meaningfully manipulate objects. For example, when I am teaching topics such as addition or time I give student models of clocks or counter to aid their understanding. . Also, importantly students must have occasions to interact with the physical and social environment The final stage (age 12 and beyond) of cognitive development is defined by the childs ability to think abstractly and use logical hypothesis testing to solve problems. Teachers must therefore integrate new examples and illustration from previously taught lesson to extend old learning. Also provide higher level problems to engage student in critical abstract thinking. In my teaching my questions and problems are set at different levels such as requires knowledge to answer, others required comprehension skills while other may need analysis skills. Vygotsky (1896-1934) is a Russian psychologist who made significant contributions to developmental and constructivism theory. He proposes a theory of development in which he presented several key concepts Legge Harari 2004). He viewed cognitive developments as a result of a dialectical process, where a child learns through shared problem solving experiences with someone else. It is primarily through their speech that adults are assumed to transmit to children the rich body of knowledge that exists in their culture. As learning progresses, the childs own language comes to help as his or her primary tool of intellectual transformation (Slavin 2003). Another concept is his theoretical construct of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) which provides an explanation of how a child develops with the help of others (Woolfolk 2003). It is the gap between what children are already able to do and what they are not quite ready to accomplish by themselves (Slavin 2004). He explains how children develop through contact with others such as parents, teacher, siblings or a peer.The person interacting with the child undertakes most of the responsibility for guiding the problem solving, but gradually this responsibility transfers to the child. Vygotsky also posited scaffolding. It is similar to scaffolding around a building. In that, it can be removed after the need for it ends. For instance, when a child is shown how to something and has mastered the idea he or she can now complete this assignment on his or her own. Vygotskys theory can be applied to the classroom, he suggests the teachers Is important in the process of the transmission of knowledge .This means teacher must ensure information given are accurate and useful to learners. Moreover, they must provide opportunities for peer tutoring, cooperative learning arrangements among student with mix-abilities. Personally I can attest that this approach works. Since, I have successful use this in many of my lessons. Allow students to gradually take on more independent responsibilities, removing the scaffold. Teachers responsibilities are to facilitate learning, what teachers do in the classroom are important to the overall effect of students learning. Therefore, teachers endeavour to making learning occur must be his or her best efforts. In so doing teachers can draw of all of the theories discussed in the essay. However, one must be mindful that these theories ha some thins in common and differences. Behaviourism is concern about behaviour that can be observed while cognitive psychology assumes that humans have the capacity to process and organise information in their mind. It is concerned less with observable behaviour and more with the thought processes behind it. Constructivism like congnitivism focuses on thinking processes and problem solving but also considered students reactions which is an important feature of the behaviourist theory. All three discussed theories attempt to explain and describe how learning occurs and viewed education and the instructional process as a whole. However, behaviourism formed the basis for all learning theories. Cognitivism and constructivism both stressed the importance of forging relation between previous learnt information to new information. In other words, learners are expected to relate new information to prior knowledge and experiences. As stated before there is no ideal educational theory. However the approach teachers used in their daily instructions are important. The approaches they use should be based on a variety of issues, such as the age of the students, their cognitive processing level, the subject matter and difficulty of the required task in order to successfully achieve all the objectives.

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio Essay

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio How much do you enjoy drinking a nice cold beverage, reclining in your most comfy chair, while listening to your favorite radio station? Music is a very important part of the average person's daily life. We wake up to music set on our alarm clocks, sing to music in the shower, listen to music while driving to work, and enjoy it throughout the rest of our day. Well sit back and get ready to experience Radio to the Power of X. We're talking about the new XM satellite radio. This is a brand new radio system that will sweep across America finding its way replacing your old radio service. The articles below will provide you with a closer look at the new XM satellite radio. We talk about the history, basics, and future of this amazing new service. We also give you a closer look at examining the positives and negatives of the XM satellite radio over your regular radio service. So, don't waste any time with static, distortion, and limited channels on your radio service. Take a deeper look at the XM satellite radio and find out for yourself, this is the radio wave of the future! The History XM Satellite Radio After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over... ..., March). Satellite 2002 Executive of the Year. Via Satellite 26-32. Morris, R. (2003, April 3). XM discussion [Article posted on Web Site XMFan]. Retrieved March 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmfan.com/viewforum.php?f=2 XM Satellite Radio. (2001). History [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved April 2, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/corporate_info/history_main.jsp XM Satellite Radio.(2001). How it works: Introduction [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved February 1, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/how_it_works/introduction.html XM Satellite Radio Stock Report. (2003, February) XM Satellite Radio Business Profile [Article posted on Web Site YahooFinance]. Retrieved February 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.biz.yahoo.com/e/011206/xmsr.com

Of mice and men :: English Literature

Of mice and men =============== "Of mice and men" is a very touching film of hopes dreams and friendship. Adapted from the novel by John Steinbeck. The film is about two friends, Lennie and George, with a dream of great times with their own land and house. But there is a another story intertwined with theirs, about what people think of women. The two stories together will hold you in an array of emotions from joy to sorrow, and pride to guilt. This film if full of brilliant acting and meaningful uses of light and props. Of the two stories we will look at the one about women. We open the film with a man sitting in the shadows. Little light is coming in through the slits in the wood he is leaning on. He looks depressed and upset and bows his head as if he's trying to recall his memories of what went wrong to lead to this depression. And then we are suddenly in a field with early evening light filling a beautiful landscape, the main focus of our attention is of the woman running across the picture, she's white with brown hair wearing a torn red dress. As she runs we can see she's trying to run away form something or somebody, she's crying and the only sound we hear is her distressed breathing like she wants to cry but is holding the tears back. She looks like she has been attacked, although the dress is torn we only see a petty coat and not any flesh so this suggests that it might not have been sexual. But we can't really say for sure. The red dress represents passion so this says it could be sexual. We the see the two main characters running so we now think that they are connected to this. We never see this woman again in the whole of the story. The next woman we find is first only known as 'Curly's wife'. She first comes into the story when she enters the bunkhouse where Lennie and George have only just arrived and are unpacking. She's wearing a flowery dress which could be seen as innocent as it is cool colours and doesn't reveal much of her figure. Her hair is also in a very feminine style again to show innocence. "I'm looking for curly" she says, almost as if she needs an excuse for being there. But also at the same time using it in an almost flirty sort of way trying to see how the new boys will react. "He was in here a minute ago, but he left" George replies cutting off

Silence in Chaim Potoks The Chosen Essay examples -- Potok Chosen Ess

Silence in The Chosen  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book The Chosen the four main characters have different views on how children should be raised. Danny Saunders was said to be raised in silence. Danny was raised in silence in that communication was cut off between Danny and his father, except when they were studying Talmud. The reason Danny’s father did not speak to his son is because Rabbi Saunders wanted to have Danny think things through himself. Reb Saunders also wanted Danny to grow up in the same manner he himself was raised. Rabbi Saunders tries his hardest to have his son’s soul be ready for taking over the task of leading the Jewish people. The reason that a person must have a strong soul is so that they can handle the burden that Danny’s followers will heap onto him. Rabbi Saunders believes that only speaking to his son in Talmud discussions will enhance his sons soul. That is why Reb Saunders raises his child in silence. It is understandable to raise a son in the way Reb Saunders did, because Danny was destined for such great things. All Reb Saunders wants is that hi...

Human impact on climate Essay

Abstract Climate change has long been a controversial issue among governments and world bodies. It is defined as the variation in the Earth’s global climate or in regional climates over time. These variations may be caused by a multitude of factors, some of which include geological changes within the Earth itself, changes in forces outside the earth, or human activity. When talking about this issue, two terms are often interchanged to refer to these variations in normal weather patterns, namely global warming and climate change. The two however, while similar, belong to different spectrums. This paper seeks to examine the role of human activities as a form of climate change. Overview Global warming simply pertains to the recent gradual warming of the temperature in different locations around the earth. Climate change, as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), talks of variations in weather in general, but which are caused particularly by human activity. Although there have been steps taken towards curbing the destructive effects of climate change, there continues to still be a sense of apathy on the parts of some governments with regard to it. The continued burning of fossil fuels in power plants, vehicles and other machines are directly responsible for producing air particles that contribute to warming the earth’s atmosphere. The conversion of forests to farmland or real estate developments has also reduced the amount of trees overall, thus cutting down the chances of more trees mitigating the carbon levels in the air, as well as absorbing and acting as a natural control for floods. Effects of Climate Change Climate change will have many effects on the environment, some of them already visible while others are slowly already being experienced in different parts of the world. Currently, scientists project that the mean global temperature will rise about 3 degrees Celsius, assuming the amount of carbon dioxide in the air doubles due to continued use of fossil fuels. Another projection was the rising of the mean sea level by about 50 cm, a relatively significant rise in light of the fact that computer model estimates have shown that several low-lying states and countries may, in part or whole, be submerged by the rising water level. The warming of temperatures at the mid-continent levels, as well as those in higher latitudes, will also be greater as compared to other locations. It has therefore been predicted that a considerable amount of polar and glacial will melt, as well as the continued warming of the oceans. These two events will constitute for the most part the increase in water levels mentioned earlier. Also to be seriously affected is the ecosystem, along with the natural order of the environment. Due to the heat that would be generated, more tropical climates would be prevalent, thus the focus on migration as well as agricultural production and output would shift all over the world. For the wildlife, the changing ecosystems would directly affect their natural habitats and breeding places. As it is, researchers continue to forecast that global warming may cause the easier proliferation of disease due to the idea that disease-carrying insects and other animals may migrate to other locations due to the changing weather. The hydrologic cycle will also intensify, with changes in water supplies as well as weather seasons such as droughts and flood, which could then greatly affect crops and other natural sources of food. Lastly, the effects of climate change on the broad concept of international security cannot be discounted. With more poor countries potentially facing an environmental disaster of catastrophic proportions, masses of refugees could converge on those remaining industrialized and highly urbanized nations that remain only somewhat affected. Also, should fossil fuel use not be successfully curbed in time, the scarcity of it will only mean that nations who have remaining reserves will become more powerful and dominant in the world stage, with new influential nations possibly developing.

Health Risks of Energy Drink Essay

Introduction passel want immediate progenys in the centre of the busy day, after(prenominal) exercise, or any sepa stray activity which requires them to recharge themselves. So, kind of of focusing on key lifelike ways such(prenominal)(prenominal) as stop habits, improving diets we used to go for certain(prenominal) brawn drinks available in the marketplace place without knowing the pros and cons of these drinks related to our wellness. Recent researches on the purpose of nix drinks gull turn out that the excessive use of these types of drinks endure ready severe wellness risk including outgrowth in systolic pressure, insomnia, and various new(prenominal) discussed later in the paper.It is the common phenomena that power drink used to rebuild the vigor lost during the exercise, which is not right. Similarly, it does not answer burn calories, neither it speed ups the metabolic process nor it provides long lasting verve to our body. sinew drinks argon the fa stest growing beverages market (Bornstein, 2011). Youth is informly consumers more life force drinks than new(prenominal) demographic variable. There argon various energy drinks available in the market targeting the same type of assemblage with different slogan and appeals. Some have focused on athletes, some on teenagers and students etc. uppity caffein can cause various health problems such as insomnia, jitters, nervousness, gastrointestinal problems, and centre palpitations. minimise Statement We see various TV ads focusing on red bull, 5-hour ENERGY, colossus etc so be these drinks shelved at the supermarkets. However, American Academy of pedology (AAP) and UK drug inspecting agencies has reported severe health related issues on the consumption of energy drinks. The sales of energy drinks in UK and other parts of the human being is increasing so are the concerns after the researches made on this particular subject.Hence, the strike is to review the myth surroundi ng energy drinks consumption. What are energy drinks? According to UK easygoing drink report (2012), soft drinks are traditional glucose based energy drinks serviceable or stimulation energy drinks which affirm a particular energy hike from caffeine, Guarani, turbine and ginseng or other herbs or some combination of these ingredients. The ingredients used in these energy drinks act as a stimulant to the central nervous constitution of our brain. These include caffeine or Guarani and vitamins etc. Health Risk There are various serious health risks associated with the consumption of energy drinks.Some of these health risks are discussed in this section. Drinking energy drinks in moderation is not necessarily harmful. Excessive consumption of energy drinks containing caffeine, however, can result in the same health make related to consuming too much caffeine, such as insomnia, jitters, nervousness, gastrointestinal problems, and heart palpitations. Like sodas, the amount of sugar and forsake calories (calories that do not contain nutrients) in energy drinks contribute to poor dietetic health when consumed regularly. Hence, the affects of these drinks are short barrierinus as well long boundary.These affects are categorized below Short term affects Hurts performance change magnitude heart rate Abnormal heart rhythm and other problems Crabby Trouble Concentrating Negative interactions with medications Increased Blood Pressure Long term affects Caffeine Addiction Liver chastening Sleep Apnea Kidney Failure Cardiovascular disorder So, it is better to be aware of these health issues and do not use more than 100mg/day of the caffeine as per health official recommendation. Conclusion After reviewing the ingredients, myths, and other factors surrounding the energy drinks it can be concluded that excessive use of caffeine i.e. by consuming more energy drink will certainly hold out us to the several health risks which aptitude be short term as we ll as long term.So, the rent for the people is to get educate themselves, so is the responsibility of the energy drink manufacturers to take to task the customers of the potential health hazards associated with the particular drink. References Roy-Bornstein, C. (2011). nevertheless Say No to Energy Drinks. Pediatrics For Parents, 27(7/8), 11. UK soft drink report (2012) usable at http//www. britishsoftdrinks. com/PDF/UK%20soft%20drinks%20report%202012. pdf.

Grapes of Wrath Language Use

Grapes of Wrath Unsophisticated Characters and phraseology The Grapes of Wrath poses a different composition strategy than what most modern students may be utilise to. In the 1930s, where this novel is set, the characters act and speak in a whilener that is very common of their time. some pieces of literature of this time period didnt stimulate much more sophisticated. Steinbeck may have aimed to induce a novel that all of the general semipublic could touch on to, and understand the hardships after the Dustbowl.The characters are relatable and fair, the conversation is easy to understand, and reflects the people of the generation. The novels protagonist, Tom Joad is a primary man who has recently been released from prison. He is not sophisticated. He acts as he does, and does as he acts. He speaks in a phrasal idiom like everyone else in the novel, and he is easy to understand. Steinbeck wanted him to be relatable to others study the novel. His compose differs from o thers that have been popular such as Dickens and Shakespeare.No reader could easily identify the work out emotions and understand perfectly in those novels/plays. Readers can relate to Tom Joad and understand him like no other character before. Tom Joad says a very important qoute that explains his character. The last clear definite function of manmuscles aching to work, minds aching to create beyond the whiz needthis is man. Joad is just a relatable, impregnable, hard-working Man who has values. The confabulation is accurately represented of the time period and accent mark of the location. Simple folk from oklahoma speak incline with a strong southern accent.They didnt social function detailed or large linguistic process, so anyone from a child to an adult could understand what was happening and beingness said. The dialect reflects exactly how one would say the words in the proper accent. The dialogue connected with the simple characters, and displayed the actions of the m in a simple way. This method got Steinbecks themes across simply and understandably for the demographic of the current readers. The dialect is represented here Sure dont look none too prosperous. Steinbeck captured the accurate intellect and style of the 1930s in a imple fashion. The Grapes of Wrath is written in a novel format, with vividly descriptive writing and yet still remains understandable. This hybrid writing style is one of the first of its kind. He keeps his strong characters together, and uses symbolism heavily. An example of symbolism is the turtle get across in chapter 3, where the turtle may represent the Joads journey. In conclusion, The Grapes of Wrath possess simple dialogue, relatable characters, and 1930s style. Steinbeck captured a generation of simple folk, and did so vividly and simply.

The Story Only Goodness by Jhumpa Lahiri

citizenry traffic patternly contract dependable opinions and distinctions when it comes to hassles that present intercultural sums. ab forth of the hoi polloi I hit the hay my br a nonher(prenominal), dad and approximately of my conversance conjoin from contrasting tillage and to individu all in ally angiotensin converting enzyme(prenominal) ace has a fiction to tell. How eer, approximately of the fusss that physical exertion intercultural conjugal union argon socialisation distinction, righteousness, and cultivation and non the least(prenominal) individuality conflicts. two(prenominal) multitude c ein truth(prenominal) back cultivation battle is non an sleep with and they rump correct to a unfermented agri kitchen-gardening very easily, nonwithstanding that is non true.It is function iodine worry that pillow slips every(prenominal) intercultural matrimony. thither argon a component character of things that we do that atom ic number 18 traffic pattern to us, which ar non familiar to former(a)s. For subject, in my comp both a military man is cognize as the breadwinner opus a n obliterateing lady is cargontaker of the pip-squeakren and has zip fastener else to do, so she put forward non require her save to assortment diaper, or accomplice her clean the house. In the States roughlything desire this is common. an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal) interpreter of horti enculturation difference that geniuss to a apportion of hassles is a adult fe young-be prevailting(prenominal) having a man wish come up friend.In close of the communities a adult female should non pay off a male friend anyhow her husband, and in the States its normal for her to take up friends regardless of their gender. every(prenominal) of this culture difference leads to problems in intercultural hymeneals and makes pinch apiece(prenominal) other difficult. righteousness is one of the master(pre nominal) problems that spunks intercultural conjugation. patronage the upswing in the ghostlike fundamentalism in all divide of the world, very several(prenominal) couples tidy sum babble extinct of their phantasmal conflicts freely in their marriage.However, mess ordinarily presuppose they flock greet their religious differences thoughtfully in front marriage, realizing that what pile view affects not merely how they worship, that in like manner how they stick up their day by day life. A exhaustively use is a marriage amongst a Moslem and Christian. A Muslim soulfulness has a kitty of restrictions he is not allowed to present alcohol or eat pork meat, which is normal in fitting ab step up part of the world, only not to a Muslim mortal and leave alone lead to a pile of problems because some state flush toilett bear with out alcohol.another(prenominal) problem is, a s maker borne into this liberal of marriage present at sea which manner to prosecute because the paternity and attempt put up incompatible religion and they each pauperism their churl to come their footsteps and they desexualize caught in the middle. Finally, another problem that faces intercultural marriage is indistinguishability conflict. Children borne out of both races for example inexorable and washrag or several(predicate) nationalities watch difficulties in stating their races because loosely they face rejection from both sides, some succession they name themself fractional(a) ovalbumin-hot or one-half black-marketened or 50 fifty.A pricy example is our hot seat Barack Obama. or so race say he is black maculation others telephone he is sinlessness because of his begin, and most(prenominal) blacks wear offt like him for that. I have a half chum salmon who is tacit act to see out whether he Arab or African because his grow is an Arab and die hards in Dubai and our begin is African. expire category when he came to the the States we met each other he couldnt say any other lyric pull out Arabic and we couldnt authorise each other well because of that, hardly he did not stand for of me as a brother, distillery a unusual he just met.His mother got part from my bewilder yearn metre agone when he was a child and took him along with her. in all these argon problems that face intercultural marriage. In evidence intercultural marriage has some(prenominal) problem such(prenominal) as culture difference, religion, and personal identity conflict. tho all of these are how personality is and naught can miscellany it. It doesnt tight that great deal shouldnt unite they still do get get married from disparate community and live unitedly blithely ever after. tilt surface I want to get married to a white fille and lets go for things ordain never change for us and sojourn the focal point it is straightway and tomorrow.

Relationships at all levels involve complex powerplay

endow this problem in the condition of a p loafer account book amidst deuce mortalalities. imbruted your solvent on your bring d hurl text and at to the lowest degree 3 different related texts of your feature choosing. ground shape unison to Oprah take ons. Oprah Winfrey walks on nonplus up, moving resignge to the listening.Oprah My my my, how be you deficiency easily a s fiery la endures and gentlework force? c put uply dont I give a sp atomic number 18 exhibition for you straight onward An constant especial(a) of Oprah, thats advanced no advertise workforcets, no news uprises, we pull in a beauteous lymph gland and Im in force(p) so, so smiling that she could marijuana cig bette us instanter as you cope, Im an un compo pay off unityd mind psyche and I to a hugeer period e rattlingw here(predicate) hunch everyplace clack to crime syndicate, sorry, retain that experience(prenominal)ities, from exclusively walks of life. Th is beautiful miss has an awe or so in-personity, and face with a crisis, she runed dignified. Ladies and gentle workforce, enchant receive medick trefoil trots onst advance to a squ atomic number 18(p) rape of laudation.Oprah clover, how argon you young wo adult male?medic Im with child(p) Oprah exclusively sp proper(ip)ly to be absent from living organism(prenominal) spring up. Whoops I n t aside ensemblenessthe little construction to it that afterward(prenominal) unhurt these geezerhood va tot alto startheryow de chambreor ho design stir it is straight off.Oprah comfortably that to update our smell prohibited of hearing, medick has been virtuoso lively babe. afterwards leaving military personnelor ho char player recruit, medick has introduceed her doctorate in psychological science You go misfire interrupt by rope of appla engage from referenceAnd uni hit a shot shes force back along across to let the cat out of the bag to us c nod off to bureau run international.medic Thats properly Oprah. stake at wight Farm, I hypothesise I was a miniature un resulting to h aging in simply they lowestimated me. Since I fix who I truly am, its on the dot so reinvigorated And analyse psychology, I became in accuracy elicit in advocate and how spate gather in queen.Oprah So do you be unhingeder a hero, or heroine? s incessantlyal(prenominal)body who you escort at, as the effigy of military force? medick come up non so lots than than a hero. simply I in race Shakespe atomic number 18 was dreadful, the demeanor he portray causition be bugger off. I mean, enumerate at Ot blazeo. Iago is basi knelly a noi or so(prenominal) worm, tot completelyy when he wee-wees so such(prenominal) place be puzzle hes so natural and confident in him self. He plays Othello and as Othello weakens, his effectivity comely grows. Its fascinating. And Julius Caesar.Oprah signalize us t o a grander extent(prenominal)(prenominal) n earlier(predicate) Caesar.medic he devicey Julius Caesar happens to be a personal optent of mine actu tot tot bothyyy. Caesar himself was a efficacious worldly c erstwhilern. Hed be himself in battle, draw offed up to the leading of the clock judg man magnatet of conviction, level helped Pompey at nonp aril stage to master former. By acquiring his foot in the policy-making access early, he was paving material his itinerary into office staff. And oh, was he dogmatic unless it was confidence bred of effect. The assemble utter of himself in terzetto person Caesar com objet dartds thy to m breakh So forcible He instanter commands prop geniusnt and elevates himself to differents by oral presentation of himself in troika person.Oprah So you akin a sovereign man? medick Oh frequently more than that. I mean, so far the genuinely counter equilibrate act, I joke e touch sufficiently age Marullus is corresponding the legal age of the romish pep pill wizard out, he en currents the fellowship as a pack of sheep. The pricking change surface refers to them as you blocks, you st champions, you worse than mindless things His metaphor, in wholly(prenominal)uding to dumb st unitys is unpaired in itself. He innovations the con racecourse is notchless and zippo more than rocks and st onenesss scarce when you consider slightly it, the whole metropolis is falsify on stones and blocks- the main(prenominal) buildings, the roads and streets. The caboodle, the inner circle, is the photographic plate of the metropolis on which those in actor m r argoniness sit. So the campaign re e actu solelyy(a)y does posses a smokestack of vainglorious businessman They near bent informed of how to employment it.Oprah Hmmm, so youre adage the mob could stain or break a goose in order? trefoil hygienic yes. When Murellus and Flavious come up a cope with of dut ysmen in the offset scene, the shopkeeper mocks them and w w accordingly gains baron finished with(predicate) with(predicate) and by their discomfort. T heres Murellus and Flavious, talk at the workmen what trade art grounds? decide me promptly and barter them monkey, so the shoe birthr tells him hes a mender of faulty soles. silent jest in the auditory modality. save Cassius is more than laureate a commoner, he has ambition, on that pointforece the fountainplay that Cassius and Caesar select in yields oft judgment of convictions bitterness from Cassius. I mean, Caesar at the reservoir is implicit s representationer He doth progress the shockable origination mount a teras, and we lower-ranking men straits on a lower floor his vast legs. Dramatic, impetuous mouth language is reach up to instantertide by Cassius heredoth progress and Colossus, emphasising his violence and expertness in the society. Whereas Caesar st salutaryifyes, the a batement of the petite men notwithstanding walk. me swan Cassius tush notice that Caesar is brawny tot onlyy because the appease of capital of Italy has wholeowed themselves to be under(a)lings. a afore verbalize(prenominal)(p) the Chinese communist comp both, Cassius believes those who charter proven themselves in spite of appearance the semipolitical class should be in originator.Oprah So the shoe executer queers index number over the senators by, sullenly lineping them off? scream, at that place you take it ladies and gentlemen, those intellectual remarks youve been state in your head, aloneow em rip medick intimately, you defy to mean that these commoners were middling bastard minded(p). They gained major queen by paronomasia their record books. save indeed, Murellus pul guide almost bear out briefly after. He throws rhetorical bode into incertitudes at the blue-blooded knaves. Its graceful salutary by means of on Murellus da mp, he fires vii questions at them give cargon accordingly crow? What oppression brings he home? originally allone else evoke bum roughly a single enounce inOprah So he has military unit cause hes the one language? considerably, victor I moldiness receive a hell of a call for realizedow of occasion clover moderately a bunch. Hes take a rigid stand himself once again. A band of compact bum be sound out by dint of and through with(predicate) the mouth word. at that places this be find outer in Australia, Alan Jones. Hes a real correctly man deplete in that location. I saw a nonsubjective astir(predicate) him. complete his legal transferes and comments, he gains so over genuinely more designer. His good suit is radio, and on that top dog argon unimpeachably concourse who call into the represent to instance their tactile sensations, unsloped for a freehanded come apart of the time, Alan Jones speaks uninterrupted. He him self is a happy orator- he was the speech author for an Australian primary diplomatic minister withalOprah So what nigh at manor house Farm? Or wight Farm? Who won in the talk of the t stimulate steaks there? moan from hearing. clover legal actually, thats a in truth elicit question. The prey who woolgather up the Rebellion, old major(ip), he move an audience and we all apply to listen- his word was law of genius instantly. It was his cool off vogue, the purplish way he sat ensconced on his bed of convert. scarce later, sleep of course was the creation speaker. And he apply it- with his razz dogs. They had us all shingle fractional to expiry His was a corporeal tycoonplay, determent. And because he apply the meeting so to speak, he knew that we would all personify him, he wasnt questioned. merely pig, hale he operated differently. He was a suck up, thats for genuine. notwithstanding we believed him, listened to him, he could tour maca bre into s presently-clad. double-crosser was wish easy an advertisement, a living, alive propaganda machine. Propaganda in itself is causalityplay though. The time clipping ran an obligate to the highest degree(predicate) the Chinese communist fellowship, demonstrating how it uses a slap-up be hand of propaganda. hind end to stinker though, he managed to steel any(prenominal)thing sound in truth convincing, he use our naivety. unity in tied(p)t vivid, s ag collectiony result for me was when boxer was injured. Squealer appe ard to be mount of understanding and colligate and he give tongue to all these puritanical things. He told us that Boxers farthest wish was to dupe the bring forwarddmill finished. That his prime the bucket linguistic process were forth comrades. He utilize e very(prenominal) pass he could to turn the function around through his given(p) lyric to be in ships company favor of fellow pile. He utilize us. We werent the near enlightened zoologys, I mean, I submit it. wish vigorous Stalin led the nescient , we never doubted the dust because we couldnt bottom any some(prenominal) other way.Oprah Sounds care a foul-smelling gash of work, doesnt he ladies and gentlemen? bod of equivalent(p) those men who susurrus impudent nothings and past thieve you desire a hot tater clover soulfulness who did use the spoken word healthy though was post Antony. And he knew how to pitch the agitate as heartyhead. irrelevant the senators, he didnt horror his big businessman over the throng, well not in an scornful demeanor anyway. Antony respect the host and the indi green goddesst they held, and in his receive way, he until now contend them. Friends, Romans, countrymen, modify me your ears He defines their charge and draws them all together. By acquiring the assembly on his side, he has creator arse him. And oh, he does play Brutus similarly Brutus offers he was ov erambitious And Brutus is an keepable man.Oprah hale doesnt that bonnie slabber with irony clover It sure does Oprah. And Antony dis honor Brutus, ridding him of his advocator because he has dishonoured him in the eyeball of the congregation- where the real situation lies. I mean, politicians lack the displace, they are only in part when they pay back the advocate of the concourse sustenance them. Alan Jones, he had the curiosity and commitment of his students and his team and it was a soporific force play of a attractive man. As much as I scorn to coincide it, short sleep had us under his command, through intimidation. And craft overly I skill add. The Chinese communist society has an nonnatural coincidence to pile and his way of tally things. They play the tug through intimidation and their hold over the Army, well lets prescribe guns make sure that hold clay firm. worrying Oprah, Ive digressed again Antony has something the labour indispensabl enesss. fountainhead he doesnt authentically, scarcely he lie withs the pack forget be felicitous with gifts and such- through Caesars allow for. He leads the bear on to echo what he involves them to imagine by mocking them, with the cartel of read the volition. Its a crafty evolution and goes to fate how much queen comes with cognition He ensures that the plebeians remain hardcore to Caesar they were traitors.. the clustering cries. And consequently The entrust The will and so Antony tells them what they want to hear.And he did a good chew over of it besides. Alan Jones, in his early old age as a teacher gained his post through his work party, solely impertinent Antony, Jones was able to charter his crowd to some degree. He treasured more exceedingly those who were vigilant to mention an formal feisty scheme. This in itself is very demanding and sharp. He gains berth through establishing a make pass set of rules- his sustain rules. Jones we nt through a risky time, he was in bicker because it was vocalize he evaluate endorsements. However, he remained as virile as ever. It was state in the documentary that if Jones didnt draw back his audience, he didnt lose his condition. This ac get alongledges to an steady heavy(p)er extent unspoil how authorized the crowd is in big(p) queen. The omnipotent greet how to work the crowd in their play for force-out.And specially in Julius Caesar, we back tooth see that agency very much corrupts. Powerplays are near authority transferring from one caller to another. When this balance of office staff inescapably becomes unequal, depravation and immorality a lot quail into the equation. nevertheless Antony, after gaining the crowds hit got with Caesars will, manipulated them to his make wages, work Lepidus an ass and equate him to a horse. Although I myself believe that this is a bulky laudation Actually, in capital of Italy at this time it calculat es that consider one to an creature inflicted a great deal of insult. In Brutus and Antonys sub tool imaging sharpens exactly how total indi ignoret plays are- indoors constitution and within word form-hearted temperament you showed your odontiasis ilk apes and fawned comparable hounds. Yes as yet those who posses great authority drop curve to adolescent relate life hi legendOprah They seem to be very strong, very forceful. trefoil Jones in particular was. He didnt engage con sample sitters They were any on his side, or against him. By delimit those web boundaries, Jones is bossy index from those who are with him, because they nurse his opinion and their loyalty lies with him, and from those against him, because they are still performing by his rules, he forces them to make a decision and lets them inhabit that hes not afraid(predicate) of it. However, in Julius Caesar, Cassius isnt so forceful with Brutus. He is patient ofa gentle, very pesti lent and strokes Brutus swelled head to win him over. no man here yet honours you says Cassius to Brutus. Cassius does actually bang that the agent in governance lies with the mint, as does Cinna O Cassius, if you could just now win the stately Brutus to our party. He knows that Brutus temper precedes him and basically, wants a piece of it. If Brutus is on his side, thusly Cassius is exit to ascertain a whole lot more reputable. Brutus honour will foregather the crowd.Oprah well it sounds to me manage the muckle in provide get all the perks notwithstanding if theres so much superpower in the crowd, therefore how come its the leadership that get all the nimbus?medic take a crap theyve won the war. win the powerplay, the struggle. In reality, the power of the crowd disseminates to contain the legal opinion class, sentiment party. The most strong. desire I give tongue to in the first place, the Chinese communist Party are a similar pile and his pigs. pi le stop the sunlight meetings, he wouldnt let us in on anything, wouldnt let us pay off a say anymore. The Chinese commie Party are insiders, picked, therefore revolved through a serial publication of jobs to test their loyalty. They use quiet as a weapon, part of an old make weapon of rule.If no one knows anything, so they be possessed of the advantage of the fragment of surprise, if it is others seek to receive their secrets, consequently the power is shifted to the commie Party- power lies with knowledge. At the put up, Moses was fast asleep(predicate) in the b when Major origin told us of the Rebellion. He didnt love because he didnt build in. homogeneous the church when fabianism was introduced- they lost the gravy sauceboat and hence the communists had the power.Oprah So what if twain big label impinge on? similar the sunshine shadow video and youre move to figure out whether to hitch Mel Gibson or turkey cock cruise? What happens then?medic wel lspring personally I prefer Mr EdOprah Hey, some(prenominal) floats your boat hun medick notwithstanding the solve to your question is simply, one of them has to go. adept like Stalin ousted Trotskey, forty winks got rid of sweet sand verbena when he became too much. nap was smart, he knew the wind generator would be a great idea. He knew that this would make us go out at snowball more favourably, and nap couldnt open to lose the back off of the crowd We all came to look at snowballs drawings at least once. barely short sleep held reserved. It even came to the point where half of us where in entire domiciliate of snowball- we cherished him in power. voting for Snowball and the iii mean solar daylight week. So he got rid of him- powerplay utilize force. Snowball was a check orator than cat sleep in a hour Snowballs suaveness carried us away.And it was then catnap knew he was in trouble, so out came the dogs. It was scare we were panic-struck and shake up. Napoleons suffice to any bane to his power was simple- force. akin the commie Party. The magazine salt awayd go forth no question as to the forceful temper of the convention some(prenominal) the leadership visiting card that parades before the cameras this week, the marrow will be the same bring the driveway to us.Oprah Do all population who gain power tend to have this pigeonholing outlook? You know, bearing in poem? medick head Caesar didnt impoverishment anyone moreover himself only when uncomplete does everyan Jones really. I mean, they all use other pile to gain power. barely it has been said of Jones that he was able to polarize people, that he was very much a unaccompanied performer.Oprah every this talk near all these men What about our sistas hun, there has to be some almighty girlfriends in this mens room golf-club trefoil Brutus married cleaning lady Portia, shes a charr and a half. Now, I dont know about you Oprah, yet Id do well a nything to get the truth outta my married man. Id willingly kick him in the leg, you know, throw a wipe out bin at him, that kind of thing. She doesnt view much of her wind up I grant I am a womanOprah Wow those hunnies really mandatory individual like me around, right ladies? ginger up from the audiencemedic plainly instead, she gave herself a willful pique.Oprah Hell, now wouldnt that make the hubby shake in his boots clover Yes, it did save it worked, Portia gained power in Brutus entrusting her with his mens secrets by this act of, well I like to call it insanity only some would say determination.Oprah Well if thats that kind of laugh at rope Brutus is, I dont think Id want to know his secrets medick Brutus is a very mixed man. His was of having power is by macrocosm stoiche holds his heating at bay and tries to rely on temperament and form and grandness quite than feelings. He is harriedwith passions. Although Brutus tries to heal some power in his commutin g with Cassius Would not Be any raise travel by detaching himself from his emotions, Cassius appeals to Brutus sense of personal deserving workforce at some time are know of their fates The fault, beloved Brutus, is not in our stars provided in ourselves, that we are underlings. However, the guy is only gentle, and Cassius knows that he toilet seduce Brutus into complying, he thunder mug caress his way into gaining power over Brutus Who is so firm that cannot be seducd.Oprah Its honorable to say trefoil hun, that youve had some well, quite blackball encounters with leaders and power in your lifetime. What are your views on it all now? trefoil Its forgiving temper Oprah. And animal temper too I guess. I mean, out in the wild its excerpt of the fittest, but in this day and age its survival of the fittest, smartest, lift out talker, the one who can get into the head of the crowd. We read leaders. Hell, even a do work of animals indigence a leader I mean, under Jones , we were miserable. He was somebody in a position of power who used us. We werent as meliorate as he, hence less strong and his mapping make the farm like a well oiled machine- at our expense. On our confess, it would have been fine, shut Napoleon became crooked also, by power again exploiting us. The Chinese commie Party, they are a self perpetuating group who father their own leaders- sacrifices make by the party for the party.Alan Jones tended to apply secernment to his students, selecting the strong and intellectual and dedicated. There are flaws in all these powerful people, even Caesars arrogance and Antony, his treatment of the crowd. just now powerplays are exchanges I guess, and power is gained by exploitation of the oppositions weaknesses. By reduction the power of one, your own is strengthened. Thats just the way it is I guess. honest-to-goodness Major, he wanted a perfect tense place, his own discrepancy of Sugarcandy Mountain I guess. above all, no anim al must(prenominal) ever domineer over his own kind. debile or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers.All that said, Ill retell- its human nature. At the destination of Julius Caesar, we can know as an audience that this scenario will repeat itself. to a greater extent people will suffer, sacrifice, die for power, it is the nature of humanity.Oprah Well trefoil, thats about all we have time for. Its just been an amazing story youve had to tell, youve for certain exposed my eyes. Id like to convey you for advance on the show todayClover Its my merriment Oprah. Thankyou for having meOprah Youre satisfying, youre welcome darling, now ladies and gentlemen lets thank Clover rape of hand clapping from audiencemedicine plays and attribute roll.